Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa are two of Sri Lanka’s most significant ancient kingdoms, each representing the island’s rich cultural and historical heritage. Anuradhapura, founded around the 4th century BCE, was Sri Lanka’s first capital and thrived for over a millennium. It became a major center of Buddhism, home to iconic stupas like Ruwanwelisaya and the sacred Sri Maha Bodhi tree, believed to be the oldest living tree in the world with a recorded planting date.

Polonnaruwa succeeded Anuradhapura as the capital in the 11th century CE and is celebrated for its remarkably well-preserved ruins. Notable sites include the Royal Palace, the Gal Vihara rock sculptures, and the advanced irrigation systems, such as the Parakrama Samudra reservoir.

Both cities are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, symbolizing the grandeur and sophistication of Sri Lanka’s ancient civilization.